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THE ART OF CHINESE WRITING

Every character
begins with a stroke.

Meet the building blocks of Chinese handwriting. Learn their shapes, understand their names, and turn a collection of lines into confident, balanced characters.

38Stroke forms
6Essentials to start
笔画Bǐhuà · strokes
SMALL MOVEMENTS. ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES.

Héng

Shù

Piě

Nà

Diǎn

Tí

Look closely. Write slowly. Find your rhythm.

FIRST, THE IDEA

One movement.
One stroke.

A stroke is a continuous movement made without lifting the pen. It may be a straight line, a curve, or a sequence of connected turns.

A corner does not always mean a new stroke. In 口 (kǒu, “mouth”), the top and right edges are written together as 横折, a horizontal turn. Learning to see these connected movements makes characters easier to understand.

01 /

Shape

Notice the length, angle, and curve. A small difference can change the balance of the whole character.

02 /

Direction

Find the starting point and follow the movement. A rising stroke and a falling stroke travel in different directions.

03 /

Connection

Look for turns, bends, and hooks. Connected segments can belong to a single stroke.

LEARN THE MOVEMENT

Six essentials. A strong foundation.

Start here before adding hooks and turns. Choose a stroke to see a simple direction guide, then try the movement on paper.

Left → right

横 Héng

Move from left to right. Keep the line steady and the two ends balanced.

Find it in一

The open circle marks the start. These stroke shapes use the same writing style as the atlas below.

THE STROKE ATLAS

Find a shape. Learn its story.

Explore all 38 forms in this guide, from a simple horizontal line to a sequence of turns and hooks.

Showing 38 of 38 strokes

Use the copy button to keep a stroke symbol.

横

Héng

Horizontal

Loading animation…

Move from left to right. Keep the line steady and the two ends balanced.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

H · U+31D0

提

Tí

Rising

Loading animation…

Begin at the lower left and move up to the right. Finish with a light, pointed tip.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

T · U+31C0

横钩

Héng Gōu

Horizontal hook

Loading animation…

Travel to the right, pause at the end, then make a short hook down and left.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HG · U+31D6

横撇

Héng Piě

Horizontal–left falling

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Move right, then turn into a downward sweep toward the left. Keep the turn connected.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HP · U+31C7

横折

Héng Zhé

Horizontal turn

Loading animation…

Write across, pause at the corner, then move downward without lifting your pen.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HZ · U+31D5

横折钩

Héng Zhé Gōu

Horizontal turn with hook

Loading animation…

Move right, turn down, and finish with a small upward hook toward the left.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HZG · U+31C6

横折提

Héng Zhé Tí

Horizontal turn–rising

Loading animation…

Write across, turn downward, then finish with a short rising movement to the right.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HZT · U+31CA

横折折

Héng Zhé Zhé

Horizontal double turn

Loading animation…

Follow the horizontal opening through two connected changes of direction. Distinguish each corner.

In characters · 2 examplesTarget stroke

This less common form has 2 illustrated examples in this guide.

HZZ · U+31C5

横折弯

Héng Zhé Wān

Horizontal turn–bend

Loading animation…

Start across, turn down, then round the lower bend. Let the curved section flow smoothly.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HZW · U+31CD

横折弯钩

Héng Zhé Wān Gōu

Horizontal turn–bend–hook

Loading animation…

Write across and down, curve to the right, then finish with a short upward hook.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HZWG · U+31C8

横斜钩

Héng Xié Gōu

Horizontal slanting hook

Loading animation…

Start horizontally, continue along a slanted downward curve, then hook upward at the end.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HXG · U+31E4

横斜弯钩

Héng Xié Wān Gōu

Horizontal slant–bend–hook

Loading animation…

Connect the horizontal start to a slanted bend. Keep the final hook distinct from the curve.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HXWG · U+31E0

横折折折

Héng Zhé Zhé Zhé

Horizontal triple turn

Loading animation…

Begin with a horizontal line and follow three connected turns. Plan the space for every segment.

In characters · 1 examplesTarget stroke

This less common form has 1 illustrated example in this guide.

HZZZ · U+31CE

横折折撇

Héng Zhé Zhé Piě

Horizontal double turn–left falling

Loading animation…

Follow the horizontal opening through two turns, then taper the final sweep toward the lower left.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HZZP · U+31CB

横撇弯钩

Héng Piě Wān Gōu

Horizontal–left falling–bend–hook

Loading animation…

Move across, fall to the left, round the bend, and finish with a hook. Keep the entire sequence connected.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HPWG · U+31CC

横折折折钩

Héng Zhé Zhé Zhé Gōu

Horizontal triple turn with hook

Loading animation…

Keep three successive turns compact, then finish with a hook. Trace the route before writing it.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

HZZZG · U+31E1

竖

Shù

Vertical

Loading animation…

Move from top to bottom. Keep the stroke upright and control its length.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

S · U+31D1

竖钩

Shù Gōu

Vertical hook

Loading animation…

Write downward, pause near the bottom, then flick a short hook toward the upper left.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

SG · U+31DA

竖提

Shù Tí

Vertical–rising

Loading animation…

Move down first, then change direction into a short rising stroke to the right.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

ST · U+31D9

竖折

Shù Zhé

Vertical turn

Loading animation…

Start downward and turn right at the bottom. Make one continuous stroke with a clear corner.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

SZ · U+31D7

竖弯

Shù Wān

Vertical bend

Loading animation…

Move down, then curve smoothly to the right. A rounded bend has a different feel from a sharp turn.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

SW · U+31C4

竖弯左

Shù Wān Zuǒ

Vertical bend to the left

Loading animation…

Begin vertically, then bend toward the left. Watch the direction of the lower curve.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

This traditional form descends, then bends to the left. The red highlight includes the complete bend.

SWZ · U+31D8

竖弯钩

Shù Wān Gōu

Vertical bend with hook

Loading animation…

Move down, round the bend to the right, then finish with a small upward hook.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

SWG · U+31DF

竖折折

Shù Zhé Zhé

Vertical double turn

Loading animation…

Begin downward and connect two changes of direction. Keep both turns within the character’s space.

In characters · 5 examplesTarget stroke

This less common form has 5 illustrated examples in this guide.

SZZ · U+31DE

竖折撇

Shù Zhé Piě

Vertical turn–left falling

Loading animation…

Begin vertically, make a turn, and finish with a left-falling sweep. Keep the final diagonal clear.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

SZP · U+31E5

竖折弯钩

Shù Zhé Wān Gōu

Vertical turn–bend–hook

Loading animation…

Connect the vertical opening, angular turn, curved section, and final hook as one movement.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

SZWG · U+31C9

撇

Piě

Left falling

Loading animation…

Begin at the upper right and sweep toward the lower left. Gradually lighten the ending.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

P · U+31D2

竖撇

Shù Piě

Vertical–left falling

Loading animation…

Begin with a near-vertical descent, then let the stroke sweep toward the lower left.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

SP · U+31D3

撇钩

Piě Gōu

Left-falling hook

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Follow a left-falling stroke and finish with a short hooked movement. Pay attention to the final tip.

In characters Target stroke

This rare form has no verified character examples in this guide. The animation is a direction sketch.

PG · U+31E2

撇折

Piě Zhé

Left falling–turn

Loading animation…

Sweep down and left, then turn toward the right. Keep the second segment attached to the first.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

PZ · U+31DC

撇点

Piě Diǎn

Left falling–dot

Loading animation…

Move down and left, then change direction into a short dot-like descent to the right.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

PD · U+31DB

点

Diǎn

Dot

Loading animation…

Make a short, controlled mark. Give it a direction and shape rather than treating it as a round spot.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

D · U+31D4

捺

Nà

Right falling

Loading animation…

Sweep down toward the right, gradually broaden the stroke, then lighten the final tip.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

N · U+31CF

提捺

Tí Nà

Rising–right falling

Loading animation…

Connect a rising opening to a right-falling finish. The shape can vary with the character and typeface.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

TN · U+31DD

斜钩

Xié Gōu

Slanting hook

Loading animation…

Follow a long slanting curve down and right, then finish with a short upward hook.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

XG · U+31C2

扁斜钩

Biǎn Xié Gōu

Flat slanting hook

Loading animation…

Keep the curve low and broad, then turn upward at the end. Compare the wide shape with other hooks.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

The hook can appear rounder in printed characters than in regular-script handwriting.

BXG · U+31C3

弯钩

Wān Gōu

Curved hook

Loading animation…

Follow a curved downward stroke and finish with a small hook. Avoid turning the curve into a straight line.

In characters · 6 examplesTarget stroke

WG · U+31C1

圈

Quān

Circle

Loading animation…

Follow a closed circular movement. It appears in 〇 (líng), the Chinese numeral zero.

In characters · 1 examplesTarget stroke

This less common form has 1 illustrated example in this guide.

〇 (líng) means zero and is written as one circular stroke.

Q · U+31E3

This is a guide to the 38 forms in our collection, rather than an exhaustive list of every writing variant. Symbols follow the Unicode CJK Strokes reference; their appearance can vary between fonts. Character illustrations use Hanzi Writer Data (Arphic license). The open circle marks the animation’s starting point; isolated strokes are enlarged to make their movement easier to see.

READ THE NAME

Long name.
One connected movement.

Many compound names describe the route your pen follows. Read the parts in order, then join the movements without lifting.

横

Héng

Horizontal

折

Zhé

Turn

钩

Gōu

Hook

Together: 横折钩 · Héng Zhé Gōu. Move across, turn down, and finish with a hook. Three parts of the name describe a single stroke.

折 · Zhé — an angular change of direction.

弯 · Wān — a rounded bend or curve.

钩 · Gōu — a short hooked ending.

提 · Tí — a rising movement.

PUT IT INTO PRACTICE

A little attention.
A better writing habit.

Notice before you trace

Identify the starting point, main direction, and ending. Look at the whole stroke before moving your pen.

Keep the rhythm comfortable

Write slowly enough to control the line. Pause at a turn without breaking a connected stroke into separate pieces.

Move from strokes to characters

Try 一 and 十 first, then 人 and 口. Compare the position and proportions of the strokes inside each character.

Review one thing at a time

After a short row of practice, choose one detail to improve: angle, length, spacing, or the final tip.

A few useful answers

How are strokes different from radicals?

Strokes are individual pen movements. Radicals are components used to organize characters in dictionaries; a radical can contain several strokes.

Is a turn always a separate stroke?

No. A horizontal line followed by a connected downward turn can form one stroke, such as 横折. Count pen lifts rather than corners.

Should I learn all 38 forms at once?

Start with the six essentials, then explore common turns and hooks. The atlas is a reference to revisit as you meet new characters.

Does knowing the shape tell me the stroke order?

Shape and order are different. Common guidelines include top before bottom and left before right, but characters have exceptions. Use a character-specific stroke-order guide when practicing.

Why does a stroke look different in another font?

Print styles and handwriting styles can show different angles, curves, and endings. Use the symbol to recognize a form and the direction guide to understand its movement.

YOUR NEXT SMALL STEP

Take the strokes off the screen.

Make a worksheet with the characters you want to learn. Add pinyin, turn on stroke order, and give yourself room to practice.

Build my worksheet